Carbon Dioxide Utilisation (CDU) refers to the process of converting captured carbon dioxide (CO2) into useful products or materials, rather than simply storing it underground. Direct Air Capture (DAC) can be combined with CDU technologies to not only remove CO2 from the atmosphere but also create valuable products, thereby providing an economic incentive for carbon capture.
Once carbon dioxide is captured using DAC, it can be utilised in various ways, including:
Carbon-neutral fuels: The captured CO2 can be combined with hydrogen (produced from renewable sources) through a process called “carbon dioxide hydrogenation” or “methanation.” This can generate carbon-neutral synthetic fuels like methane, methanol, or even jet fuel. These fuels can be used in existing infrastructure and transportation systems without adding new emissions to the atmosphere.
Chemical feedstock: CO2 can serve as a feedstock for the production of various chemicals, including plastics, polymers, and fertilizers. Through chemical reactions, CO2 can be converted into valuable products, reducing the reliance on fossil fuel-based feedstocks.
Building materials: Carbon dioxide can be used to produce construction materials such as concrete or aggregates. By incorporating CO2 into the manufacturing process, these materials can potentially have lower carbon footprints, helping to reduce emissions associated with the construction industry.
Carbonate mineralization: CO2 can be reacted with minerals containing calcium or magnesium to form stable carbonates. This process, known as mineral carbonation, permanently stores CO2 in a solid form. This method can be used to create building materials or store CO2 in geological formations, such as mining waste sites or basalt formations.
Carbonated beverages: CO2 captured from the atmosphere can also be used in the production of carbonated beverages, such as soda or sparkling water. This application allows for the replacement of CO2 obtained from fossil fuel sources, contributing to a more sustainable production process.
By utilising CO2 captured through DAC, these applications can potentially reduce the dependence on fossil fuels, lower emissions, and contribute to a circular carbon economy. Carbon Dioxide Utilization presents an opportunity to transform captured CO2 into valuable commodities, thereby creating economic incentives for the deployment of Direct Air Capture technologies and helping to address climate change.